Islamization refers to the process by which a country transitions into an Islamic theocracy or, more broadly, a Muslim-majority state. The first example of Islamization involved Muhammad, a warlord and conqueror who is also the Prophet of Islam. After taking over Medina, Muhammad expelled or killed the Jewish population there and made it the second city to adopt Islam, following Mecca. He later conquered the Arabian Peninsula. His successors expanded this influence, conquering vast parts of the Middle East and Africa. In these territories, Jews and Christians were treated as second-class citizens, challenging claims that the Muslim Empire was more tolerant toward religious minorities than Christian Europe.

The United Nations is dominated by anti-Zionist Islamic dictatorships.